Marketing to Kids

Over $2 billion dollars a year is spent on marketing to children. That\’s a shift from targeting parents to directly targeting children as consumers.

When today’s parents were growing up, we weren’t courted by countless commercials. Grocery stores didn’t stock food packages covered in cartoon characters at kid’s-eye level. Actors in our favourite TV shows didn’t snack on recognizable brands of junk food.

With the possible exception of cereal ads that played during Saturday morning cartoons, we weren’t exposed to many media messages that had been crafted specifically to influence our age group.

That made it easier for our parents to plunk food down in front of us that was good for us, rather than less healthy prepackaged snacks that they’d only bought because we’d dogged them to death about it.

Today it’s vastly different. Now, as we moms and dads try to follow lifestyles of natural health and wellness and teach our kids the same, we’re in fierce competition with a stream of messages that push our kids to consume, consume, consume.

So how can we help our children resist this pressure and encourage them instead
to make healthy choices?

Our kids as consumers

The Canadian advertising industry spends billions of dollars a year on marketing to children—increasing from $100 million in 1990 to $2 billion in 2000. That’s a colossal change over just a decade, and the numbers continue to rise.

“Historically, parents were the gatekeepers, so marketers would target the parents,” says Dr. Charlene Elliott, who researches the marketing of foods to children at the University of Calgary. “But now, marketers are gate-crashing. They go straight for the children.”

Marketers count on pester power

Today’s kids are seen by savvy advertisers as potent influences on household purchases. Canadian children watch an average of 14 hours of TV a week, and they’re hip to social media. In a single day they could be exposed to dozens of commercials, billboards, product packaging, and Internet “advergames” where they play while being bombarded with promotions.

”From the moment we wake up to the time we go to sleep, we’re exposed to media messages that all say one thing: ‘buy me!\” says Liam O’Donnell, a kids’ graphic novelist with a background in media production. “With these messages creeping into every area of our lives, from bus shelters to washroom stalls, it’s no surprise that we’re actually acting on these relentless sales pitches.”

To corporations, it pays off: when modern moms and dads are stressed, time-constrained, and looking for something easy to serve that their kids are willing to eat, they’re arguably more easily swayed by their six-year-old’s I-want-it-now mantra. “The marketing industry calls that pester power,” says Elliott.

Marketers win—kids lose

But what are they pushing our kids to put in their bodies? The cereals, snacks, and fast foods being advertised to children are packed with fat, sugar, and salt.

One lunch of french fries, cheeseburger, and apple pie at a popular fast-food restaurant contains a whopping 45 g of fat—and exceeds the amount of sodium an eight-year-old should be having in an entire day.

A popular kids’ cereal trumpets its fibre content but is also loaded with sugar and artificial dyes.

And the fallout is fearsome. Seventy percent of Canadian kids aged four to eight do not have at least five servings a day of fruit or vegetables, as recommended by Health Canada.

Childhood obesity has skyrocketed to three times what it was 25 years ago, and culture and media are partly to blame, according to the Public Health Agency of Canada. Type 2 diabetes, which used to be a disease of adulthood, is now being diagnosed in teens and even children at an increasing rate.

What’s a mom or dad to do?

Use your parent power

Don’t underestimate the weight of a parent’s influence, says Dr. Alison Hayford, a sociologist at the University of Regina. “Most of the evidence suggests pretty strongly that the child’s primary influence, the one that matters most, is their immediate relationships.”

Kids may fall under the spell of advertising spin, but “a parent or a good nanny or teacher is going to have much more influence than TV,” Hayford says. So just talking to your child about the messages they see and explaining what the messages are trying to do can help mitigate the media.

Show and tell

Toronto mom Anna Lee found that simply posting Canada’s Food Guide on her fridge got her family, including six-year-old Noah, discussing what should be going into their digestive systems. “The guide helps us talk about what good foods are, and why we’re eating them, and that you have to have a bit of each,” Lee says.

And even if you haven’t taken the time to decipher an ingredients label, you can still talk about why there’s a Spider-Man design on the doughnuts package or why Cookie Monster is selling the chocolate biscuits.

Frank Falcone is owner and creative director of Toronto-based Guru Studio, an animated entertainment company. So he’s in a unique position to teach his three children about the power of advertising. “They’re naturally curious,” he says. When they ask about a project he’s working on, “I show them how a commercial is crafted to appeal to people.”

Graphic novelist O’Donnell, who is also a teacher, likes to use that same open-discussion approach with his class of grade 1 students. “When we start questioning, we start thinking critically, and then we start challenging some of the motives and tactics behind the way certain products are marketed to us,” he says.

Meenu Sikand, who is raising a nine-year-old son in Woodbridge, Ontario, has actually used media to her advantage. She has watched films with her son that shine a spotlight on the marketing of unhealthy meal choices, such as Fast Food Nation (20th Century Fox, 2007) and Super Size Me (Sony Pictures, 2004).

“Obviously you can’t keep them away from media influence, in this day and age,” Sikand comments. “But parents can sometimes pick the media.”

Shape a healthy food attitude

When kids are constantly targeted by marketers, it seems parents have more to worry about than just the immediate health risks of trans fats and sugar. This kind of ad overload can also shape a child’s lifelong relationship with food.

What’s a kid to think when food is pushed as something that comes with toys and games, is unnaturally coloured in bright reds and yellows, has pictures on it, and even glows in the dark?

“Child-oriented food is all based on the entertainment factor of the food. It’s designed to be played with,” says Elliott. “You eat it for reasons that have nothing to do with nutrition.”

What might that mean down the road? We know that many adults with weight problems struggle with the unhealthy habit of reaching for food when they’re bored or lonely. “That’s unsettling,” Elliott says. “That’s exactly the same relationship with food that is being marketed to children at a very young age.”

Another disturbing message that’s constantly promoted: “Vegetables are bad.” Check out the new line of a popular macaroni and cheese dinner. Its ads boast about how well it has hidden cauliflower in the noodles.

There are even cookbooks for parents that show them how to sneak ingredients such as navy beans into dessert squares. “What that does is communicate to kids that you cannot eat vegetables on purpose,” says Elliott.

We need to remind our kids instead that food is fantastic because it helps our bodies grow and be healthy. We like cauliflower and carrots and kale because they taste good—yep, even when they’re not covered in chocolate batter or cheesy MSG-laced sauces—and they contain important nutrients.

Taking a positive approach to food also means not dwelling too much on what you won’t let your child have, says parent educator Marty Lane in Victoria, BC. Sometimes forbidden fruit (no pun intended) is all the more enticing. Instead, focus on the foods you do eat in your family because of their nutrition.

It’s difficult for parents to deny their kids when they ask for food. But Lane, a mom of four, had a working strategy: “I tried to make sure that whatever I had in my house, my children could eat at any time. That way, there was no hassle about it.”

Do more at the store

Still, there may be times when your child is wholly taken in by something they’ve seen in an ad. “The messages can be really strong,” says Lane. When she was watching a children’s channel recently, she saw the same commercial 10 times. “There’s constant bombardment. You see it again and again and again. After seeing it 10 times, boy, you have to have one of these [-whatever].”

Six-year-old Noah Lee begged his parents to buy him a fruit candy after he saw TV commercials showing that biting into it would trigger a hugely entertaining fruit-juice explosion.

“He thought the food was going to be neat,” says his mom. She finally gave in to his nagging. “He tried one and hated it immediately. It didn’t squirt all over his shirt, and it didn’t taste good.”

Lee is actually glad she caved, because it was a perfect learning opportunity. “It led to discussions about the purpose of marketing: to make things look good, to get us to spend money. We’ve bought it, he’s found out it’s not as advertised, and Noah has learned his lesson,” says Lee. Now when he nags, she reminds him about the fruit candy.

In fact, a little buying power can be a good thing. Sikand likes involving her son Manav in the food-buying decisions. “We want input into what we bring home, so we can make meals together or give them choices,” she says. “But you can’t just accept their choices without giving them knowledge about why some choices are good and some are bad.”

They read labels together in the store: “We will look at the sodium content, as well as the sugar and fat.” When her son questions a food-buying decision, Sikand responds, “Okay, let’s read the box and then you tell me if we should have it or not.”

Marty Lane approves. “I think the whole thing is about discussion, both listening
and talking.”